A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

According to Functionalists, what do they refer to instead of "ideological state apparatus" used by Marxists?

1. Agencies of socialization

2. Patriarchal terrorism

3. Social control mechanisms

4. Institutional frameworks

The correct answer is: Agencies of socialization

Functionalists emphasize the importance of various social institutions in shaping individuals and maintaining social order. When they refer to "agencies of socialization," they are highlighting the role of institutions like families, schools, and religious organizations in instilling shared values, norms, and beliefs that contribute to social cohesion and stability. This concept contrasts with the Marxist view of "ideological state apparatus," which suggests that institutions primarily serve the interests of the ruling class by perpetuating ideology that maintains social inequality. Functionalists, on the other hand, view these agencies as essential for creating a unified society where individuals learn to function effectively within their social roles, thus ensuring the overall health and integration of society. The other options, while relevant in a sociological context, do not specifically capture the Functionalist approach to the concept that Marxists describe with ideological state apparatus. They focus on different aspects of social organization and control but do not emphasize the role of socialization agencies in fostering societal stability.