A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

According to Giddens, what characterizes the modern era?

1. Development of traditional relationships

2. Reflexivity and self-awareness

3. Increased reliance on family structures

4. Focus on collectivist values

The correct answer is: Reflexivity and self-awareness

Giddens characterizes the modern era primarily through the concepts of reflexivity and self-awareness. In his sociological framework, he emphasizes how individuals in contemporary society engage in the continuous process of reflecting on their lives and choices. This means that people are increasingly aware of the social, cultural, and personal factors that shape their behavior and decisions. Reflexivity allows individuals to navigate complex social landscapes, making informed choices that may deviate from traditional norms and expectations. The idea of self-awareness in this context underscores the significance of personal identity and agency in modern life. As individuals become more conscious of their circumstances, they can critically assess and alter the roles of societal structures in their lives. This shift from fixed social roles to more fluid identities is a crucial aspect of modernity, which distinguishes it from earlier periods characterized by more static relationships and societal expectations. The other options focus on aspects that are less aligned with Giddens' views on modernity. Traditional relationships and increased reliance on family structures suggest a return to or continuation of pre-modern social formations, which doesn't capture the dynamic changes associated with modern living. Similarly, a focus on collectivist values contrasts with Giddens' emphasis on individualism and personal autonomy that are prevalent in modern society.