A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

According to Gramsci, what is ideology?

1. A set of ideas taught to sustain social order

2. Ideological tools used exclusively by the ruling class

3. A historical account of class struggles

4. A framework for economic data analysis

The correct answer is: A set of ideas taught to sustain social order

Gramsci's concept of ideology emphasizes how a collection of ideas can shape and maintain social order. He argues that ideologies serve as a means through which dominant groups in society exert power and influence over others. By presenting their values and beliefs as common sense, those in power create a culture that supports their hegemony, making it difficult for alternative perspectives to gain traction. This understanding reflects Gramsci's recognition that ideology is not merely a tool of oppression but also encompasses a broader set of ideas that help organize social life and establish norms. While it's true that ideology can be employed by the ruling class to manipulate and control society, Gramsci acknowledges that ideologies are more complex and can originate from various social groups, making option B too restrictive. The other options, which suggest a narrow historical focus or an analytical framework for economics, do not capture the broader social implications that Gramsci assigns to ideology. Thus, option A effectively encapsulates Gramsci's view, highlighting how ideology serves a fundamental role in sustaining social structures and order.