A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

According to Marxist feminist theory, why are women referred to as a "reserve army of cheap labour"?

1. They are the primary breadwinners in families

2. They can be easily dismissed when not needed

3. They are often given leadership positions

4. They provide unpaid domestic work

The correct answer is: They can be easily dismissed when not needed

Marxist feminist theory refers to women as a "reserve army of cheap labour" because this concept highlights how women can be easily dismissed or laid off when they are not needed in the workforce. This reflects the broader idea that women's participation in the economy can be more flexible and contingent compared to men, who are often regarded as primary earners. When the economy is booming, women may be employed in various sectors, but as demand decreases or when economic conditions shift, employers often reduce their workforce by letting go of women first. This creates a pool of potential workers who can be called upon when there is a need for more labour, hence the term "reserve army." This mechanism not only contributes to the capitalist economy but also underscores the gendered nature of employment and the precarious position of women within it. The other options do not align with the Marxist feminist perspective on labour dynamics as they either misrepresent the role of women in the workforce or fail to address the notion of women’s employment being subject to the whims of the economic cycle. The theory emphasizes the temporary and disposable aspect of women's roles, contrasting with the more stable positions traditionally held by men.