A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

According to Murdock's study, what is considered a universal family structure?

1. Nuclear family

2. Extended family

3. Single-parent family

4. Blended family

The correct answer is: Nuclear family

Murdock's study highlights the nuclear family as a universal family structure, which typically consists of two parents (a mother and a father) and their biological or adopted children. In his research, Murdock identified that this family form is found in every society, albeit with variations in roles and dynamics. The nuclear family is considered fundamental because it fulfills certain essential functions within society, such as reproduction, primary socialization of children, emotional support, and economic cooperation. Murdock's assertion stems from the idea that the nuclear family is broadly adaptable and can meet the diverse needs of various cultures. In contrast, while extended, single-parent, and blended families exist in many societies, they do not universally dominate all cultures as the nuclear family does. These alternatives often arise due to social changes or specific circumstances and may not embody the collective norm that Murdock observed across different societies. Thus, the nuclear family stands out as the foundational family unit recognized in Murdock's analysis.