A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

Along with Beck and Bauman, Giddens is known for developing which thesis?

1. Conflict theory

2. The family lifecycle theory

3. The individualisation thesis

4. Cultural relativism theory

The correct answer is: The individualisation thesis

The individualisation thesis is a significant framework that Giddens, along with Beck and Bauman, developed, focusing on the transformation of social relationships and identities in contemporary society. This concept suggests that in modern times, individuals have more freedom to make personal choices that shape their identities and social roles, contrasting with traditional societies where roles and expectations were more clearly defined and predetermined. This thesis highlights how social structures and norms have become less rigid, leading to increased individual agency and the need for individuals to navigate their own paths in life. Giddens' work emphasizes that the process of individualisation is not simply about personal choice but is also influenced by broader social forces, such as globalization and technological changes, which reshape the context in which individual decisions are made. In contrast, other options like conflict theory focus on the struggles between different social classes. The family lifecycle theory looks at the changes that families undergo over time, and cultural relativism emphasizes understanding different cultures in their own context, rather than through the lens of one's own culture. None of these theories align with the central themes of the individualisation thesis as articulated by Giddens, Beck, and Bauman.