A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

How are universalistic values defined?

1. Rules that are unique to each family model

2. Specific cultural beliefs influencing behavior

3. Values that apply equally to all members of a society

4. Guidelines tailored to individual circumstances

The correct answer is: Values that apply equally to all members of a society

Universalistic values are defined as values that apply equally to all members of a society. This concept is rooted in sociological theories that emphasize the importance of shared norms and standards that transcend individual differences, ensuring that everyone is held to the same principles regardless of their background, culture, or individual situations. These values promote equality and fairness within the social structure, facilitating cohesion and stability. In contrast, the other options highlight different types of values or guidelines. The notion of unique rules for each family model focuses on particularistic values, which are specific to certain groups or families. Specific cultural beliefs influencing behavior suggest a more localized or subjective understanding of values, which does not encompass the universal nature of universalistic values. Guidelines tailored to individual circumstances imply a personalized approach that deviates from the collective nature of universalistic standards, reinforcing individualism rather than the shared framework that universalistic values provide.