A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

How does purposive sampling differ from random sampling in research?

1. It includes all members of the population

2. It focuses on a specific subgroup

3. It randomly selects participants across demographics

4. It uses automated selection techniques

The correct answer is: It focuses on a specific subgroup

Purposive sampling is characterized by its focus on a specific subgroup within a population that possesses particular characteristics relevant to the research question. Researchers intentionally select individuals based on their knowledge, experience, or other traits that align with the study's aims, allowing for a more in-depth understanding of the specific issue being investigated. This targeted approach is particularly useful in qualitative research where the goal is often to gain insights from participants who can provide rich, relevant data rather than aiming for a random representation of the entire population. In contrast, other options reflect different sampling methods. Selecting all members of the population describes a census approach, which is not what purposive sampling entails. Random sampling, on the other hand, involves choosing individuals in such a way that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, leading to broader generalizations. Automated selection techniques would generally refer to methods employed in larger quantitative studies where randomization can be facilitated by technology, which is not a characteristic of purposive sampling. Thus, the focused nature of purposive sampling is what sets it apart in the context of these definitions.