A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

In Murdock's view, what is essential for the reproduction of societal norms?

1. Government policies

2. Peer influence

3. Family socialization

4. Media representation

The correct answer is: Family socialization

Murdock, a sociologist known for his work on the family, argued that the family unit plays a crucial role in the socialization process, which is essential for the reproduction of societal norms. Family socialization is where individuals first encounter the expectations and values of their culture, learning what is deemed acceptable behavior. Through various interactions within the family, individuals are taught the shared norms and values that sustain society. For instance, children observe and imitate the behavior of family members, learning about roles, responsibilities, and the importance of societal rules. This foundational socialization helps to ensure that societal norms are passed down from one generation to the next, reinforcing societal continuity and stability. Murdock emphasized that the family is a primary institution for teaching social norms, ultimately influencing how individuals interact with others and contribute to the wider society. In contrast, factors like government policies, peer influence, and media representation can indeed shape societal behavior, but they act more as secondary influences compared to the fundamental role of family socialization in instilling norms.