A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

In the context of Functionalism, what analogy is used to describe society?

1. Social network analogy

2. Organic analogy

3. Mechanical analogy

4. Digital analogy

The correct answer is: Organic analogy

Functionalism uses the organic analogy to compare society to a living organism. In this analogy, different parts of society—such as institutions like education, family, and the economy—function much like the organs of a body. Each part has a specific role and contributes to the overall stability and health of society. Just as organs work together to keep a body functioning properly, the social institutions must work cooperatively to maintain social order and balance. The organic analogy emphasizes how each component of society is interdependent. Changes or disruptions in one area can impact the entire system, similar to how a disease in one organ can affect the health of the whole body. This perspective helps illustrate the importance of social cohesion and the need for every part to fulfill its role for society to thrive. In contrast, other analogies mentioned do not capture this complex interconnectivity and the focus on stability and equilibrium that is central to Functionalist theory. The mechanical analogy, for instance, suggests a more rigid function of parts, while digital and social network analogies do not connect as closely to the foundational ideas of Functionalism.