A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

What concept refers to the growth of islamist fundamentalism as a cultural response?

1. Cultural resistance

2. Cultural defence

3. Cultural assimilation

4. Cultural integration

The correct answer is: Cultural defence

The concept that refers to the growth of Islamist fundamentalism as a cultural response is cultural defence. This term describes how certain groups or communities may adopt and reinforce their cultural beliefs and practices, particularly in response to perceived threats from external forces, such as globalization or Western influence. In the context of Islamist fundamentalism, cultural defence involves a prominent resurgence in religious identity and practices as a means of preserving cultural values and resisting what is seen as cultural imperialism or degradation of traditional beliefs. Cultural defence often arises in environments where individuals feel their cultural identities are under pressure, leading them to emphasize their distinctive beliefs and practices as a form of protection. This is particularly relevant in discussions of social movements tied to religious identity, where the assertion of faith-based customs and values becomes a mechanism of cultural solidarity and resilience. The other concepts highlight different dynamics. Cultural resistance involves opposing dominant cultural norms and expressing dissent, cultural assimilation refers to minorities adopting the prevailing culture, and cultural integration focuses on combining various cultures into a cohesive social fabric. However, these terms do not specifically encapsulate the phenomenon of Islamist fundamentalism as a protective cultural response, which is why cultural defence is the most fitting choice.