A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

What does the term "deviance" refer to according to social constructivist views?

1. Actions that are inherently wrong

2. Behaviors that violate societal rules

3. Behaviors defined in opposition to social expectations

4. Acts that are punishable by law

The correct answer is: Behaviors defined in opposition to social expectations

The term "deviance" in social constructivist views refers to behaviors that are defined in opposition to social expectations. This perspective emphasizes that deviance is not an inherent quality of an action but is rather constructed through social processes and interactions. What is considered deviant varies significantly between different cultures and historical periods, highlighting that societal norms and values shape our understanding of what constitutes deviant behavior. This view suggests that it is the social context and the responses to certain behaviors that ultimately classify them as deviant. In contrast, other definitions, such as actions being inherently wrong or punishable by law, imply a more absolute or legalistic understanding of deviance, which does not align with the social constructivist perspective. For instance, behaviors that violate societal rules can be seen as deviant, but without the context of social expectations and collective agreements about what those rules are, their deviance may not be recognized universally. Thus, the social constructivist approach frames deviance as a fluid and culturally contingent concept.