A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

What is one of the criticisms of Functionalism?

1. It is too deterministic

2. It overly emphasizes conflict

3. It addresses inequalities effectively

4. It focuses solely on micro-level interactions

The correct answer is: It is too deterministic

Functionalism is often criticized for being too deterministic because it tends to suggest that social structures and institutions operate in a predictable and stable manner that ensures societal equilibrium. This perspective implies that individuals have little agency or capacity to enact change within the system; instead, they are primarily influenced and shaped by the larger social framework. Critics argue that this deterministic view overlooks the complexities of human behavior, individual choices, and the potential for social change initiated by individuals or groups. The other options represent points of emphasis or approaches that do not align with the core of functionalist theory. For instance, the criticism of overly emphasizing conflict pertains more to conflict theory than functionalism itself, which generally focuses on consensus and stability. Similarly, functionalism does not typically address inequalities; rather, it may gloss over them by highlighting how different parts of society contribute to overall stability. Lastly, functionalism operates primarily at the macro level, analyzing broad social systems rather than micro-level interactions, which are more closely associated with symbolic interactionism or other sociological perspectives focusing on individual interactions.