A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

What is the first face of power in Lukes' framework?

1. Hidden decision-making power

2. Visible decision-making authority

3. Covert influence on public opinion

4. Manipulation through ideologies

The correct answer is: Visible decision-making authority

In Lukes’ framework of power, the first face refers to "visible decision-making authority." This aspect of power highlights the ability of certain individuals or groups to make decisions that are observable and apparent within a political or organizational context. It focuses on the direct control over decisions that can be seen, such as voting, formal discussions, or public policy decisions. This concept is grounded in a more traditional view of power that emphasizes the role of institutions and defined authorities. Such power is evident in situations where conflicts arise and are resolved through clear decision-making processes where the agents involved are openly identifiable. The implications of this face of power suggest that there are clear lines of authority and accountability because outcomes are traceable to specific actions or choices made by individuals in power. In contrast, the other options refer to different aspects of power that deal with more subtle or indirect influences on behavior and decision-making. Hidden decision-making power refers to the ability to control outcomes without being visible, while covert influence on public opinion and manipulation through ideologies speak to more insidious methods of power that operate outside of clear authority.