A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

When did the modern family structure characterized by a male breadwinner and female homemaker emerge?

1. 20th century

2. 18th century

3. 19th century

4. 17th century

The correct answer is: 19th century

The emergence of the modern family structure, defined by a male breadwinner and a female homemaker, can be traced predominantly to the 19th century. This period was marked by significant social and economic changes, particularly the Industrial Revolution, which altered the traditional roles within families. As men began to work in factories and other industries, the notion of the male as the primary economic provider became established. Meanwhile, women were increasingly relegated to domestic roles, focusing on household duties and child-rearing. This distinct division of labor reinforced gender roles and set the foundation for the family structure that many associate with the 20th century. However, it is the developments of the 19th century that truly solidified this model, as ideas about gender and family dynamics began to crystallize in societal norms and cultural expectations.