A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the reduction in infant mortality rates?

1. Advances in neonatal medicine

2. Women having children earlier

3. Women having fewer children

4. Improved access to healthcare

The correct answer is: Women having children earlier

The choice indicating that women having children earlier is not a reason for the reduction in infant mortality rates aligns with the understanding of demographic trends and health outcomes. Contemporary research suggests that having children at a younger age can actually be associated with higher risks for both infants and mothers due to various factors like biological maturity, socio-economic status, and access to healthcare. In contrast, the other factors listed—advances in neonatal medicine, women having fewer children, and improved access to healthcare—have all directly contributed to the decline in infant mortality rates. Advances in neonatal medicine, for instance, have led to better treatment and care for premature and high-risk infants, significantly lowering mortality rates. Similarly, fewer children per family often enable better resources and attention for each child, which can enhance their survival chances. Improved access to healthcare ensures that both mothers and infants receive necessary medical attention, preventive care, and education on health practices, further supporting lower infant mortality figures.