A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

Which theory highlights the trend of fathers becoming more involved in parenting?

1. Socialization theory

2. Individualisation thesis

3. Patriarchy theory

4. Conflict theory

The correct answer is: Individualisation thesis

The individualisation thesis is pertinent in contemporary discussions of family life, as it emphasizes how social roles and expectations are becoming more flexible and personalized. This theory suggests that individuals now have greater autonomy in defining their identities and roles within the family structure, leading to changes in traditional parenting dynamics. Within this context, the thesis explains the increasing trend of fathers taking on more active roles in parenting. As societal norms shift, traditional views on gender roles are challenged, allowing fathers to engage more fully in childcare and domestic responsibilities, which historically have been seen as primarily the mother's role. This change reflects a broader cultural movement towards equality and individual choice in family arrangements. In contrast, socialization theory primarily focuses on how individuals learn societal norms and behaviors from their environment, rather than addressing shifts in parenting roles. Patriarchy theory critiques the systemic inequalities inherent in traditional roles but does not specifically account for the trend of increased paternal involvement. Conflict theory examines the power differences among social classes or groups but doesn't directly address the changing dynamics of fatherhood in contemporary parenting. Thus, the individualisation thesis best encapsulates the trend of fathers becoming more involved in parenting by linking it to changing societal expectations and individual choices.