A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

Which type of power can involve manipulation without the awareness of those involved?

1. First face power

2. Charismatic power

3. Third face power

4. Rational-legal power

The correct answer is: Third face power

The concept of third face power refers to the influence and control that operates subtly, often without the conscious awareness of those being influenced. This type of power is linked to shaping desires, beliefs, and perceptions in a way that goes unnoticed by individuals, allowing the power-holder to manipulate outcomes without direct confrontation or resistance. It encompasses the idea that social norms and ideologies can be shaped in such a way that they become accepted truths, making people complicit in their own subordination. Third face power aligns closely with ideas put forth by scholars like Steven Lukes, who introduced the notion of 'the third dimension of power,' where power not only dictates what people can do but also influences what they think and believe is possible. This manipulation can manifest in various forms, such as through media, culture, or institutional practices, which subtly guide social behavior and attitudes. In contrast, first face power typically refers to direct coercive power, charismatic power is based on the personality and appeal of an individual, and rational-legal power is derived from established laws and regulations. These forms of power are more overt and cannot operate without individuals being aware of the influence exerted upon them. Thus, third face power stands out as the only type that can successfully manipulate thoughts and behaviors